Integrating Augmented Reality, Assemblr Edu, and Google Sites in Economics Learning to Improve High School Students' Critical Thinking Skills
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62775/edukasia.v6i2.1761Keywords:
Augmented Reality, Assemblr Edu, Google Sites, Critical Thinking, Learning MediaAbstract
The background of the research is the low critical thinking ability of high school students and the ongoing gap in research on the development of digital-based learning media. This research aims to develop high school students' critical thinking skills while integrating the augmented reality platform, assembler edu, and google sites into one three-dimensional learning media. This type of research is research and development which adopts the Borg and Gall approach. The research subject were 200 high school students from two different schools. Data collection techniques used interviews, observations, documentation studies, and tests. The media design was tested through validation tests, small trials, extensive trials, and large-scale trials. The data analysis technique used a multivariate T-test to measure the significance of the treatment and N-Gain scores to measure the effectiveness of the media. The results showed an increase in critical thinking skills in the pretest and posttest scores of 51%. The results of the multivariate T-test showed a significant increase before and after media implementation with a sig value of 0.000 <0.05. The N-Gain test showed a result of 0.84>0.7, meaning that the effectiveness of the learning media was in the High category. The responses of teachers and students to the learning media were 90% and 83% respectively, meaning that teachers and students very well received the media.Based on the analysis, it was concluded that the Auregos learning media can improve high school students' critical thinking skills. The implications of utilizing Auregos learning media can support the sustainable improvement of the quality of economics learning in high schools.
Downloads
References
Abdulrahaman, M. D., Faruk, N., Oloyede, A. A., Surajudeen-Bakinde, N. T., Olawoyin, L. A., Mejabi, O. V., Azeez, A. L. (2020). Multimedia tools in the teaching and learning processes: A systematic review. Heliyon, 6(11). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05312
Ahmad, N. I. N., & Junaini, S. N. (2020). Augmented Reality for Learning Mathematics: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 15(16), 106–122. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i16.14961
AlGerafi, M. A. M., Zhou, Y., Oubibi, M., & Wijaya, T. T. (2023). Unlocking the Potential: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality in Education. Electronics (Switzerland), 12(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12183953
Alzubaidi, L., Bai, J., Al-Sabaawi, A., Santamaría, J., Albahri, A. S., Al-dabbagh, B. S. N., … Gu, Y. (2023). A survey on deep learning tools dealing with data scarcity: definitions, challenges, solutions, tips, and applications. Journal of Big Data, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-023-00727-2
Andrews, D., van Lieshout, E., & Kaudal, B. B. (2023). How, Where, And When Do Students Experience Meaningful Learning? International Journal of Innovation in Science and Mathematics Education, 31(3), 28–45. https://doi.org/10.30722/IJISME.31.03.003
Angraini, S., Fitria, H., & Setiawan, A. A. (2021). The Effect of Teacher Performance and Learning Media on Learning Outcomes of Elementary School Students. Journal of Social Work and Science Education, 2(2), 137–146. https://doi.org/10.52690/jswse.v2i2.237
Arisoy, B., & Aybek, B. (2021). The effects of subject-based critical thinking education in mathematics on students’ critical thinking skills and virtues*. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 2021(92), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2021.92.6
Asanov, I., Flores, F., McKenzie, D., Mensmann, M., & Schulte, M. (2021). Remote-learning, time-use, and mental health of Ecuadorian high-school students during the COVID-19 quarantine. World Development, 138, 105225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105225
Asigigan, S. I., & Samur, Y. (2021). The effect of gamified stem practices on students’ intrinsic motivation, critical thinking disposition levels, and perception of problem-solving skills. International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology, 9(2), 332–352. https://doi.org/10.46328/IJEMST.1157
Attard, C., & Holmes, K. (2022). An exploration of teacher and student perceptions of blended learning in four secondary mathematics classrooms. Mathematics Education Research Journal, 34(4), 719–740. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13394-020-00359-2
Avila-Garzon, C., Bacca-Acosta, J., Kinshuk, , Duarte, J., & Betancourt, J. (2021). Augmented Reality in Education: An Overview of Twenty-Five Years of Research. Contemporary Educational Technology, 13(3), ep302. https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/10865
Basri, H., Purwanto, As’ari, A. R., & Sisworo. (2019). Investigating critical thinking skill of junior high school in solving mathematical problem. International Journal of Instruction, 12(3), 745–758. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12345a
Bouw, E., Zitter, I., & de Bruijn, E. (2021). Designable elements of integrative learning environments at the boundary of school and work: a multiple case study. In Learning Environments Research (Vol. 24). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-020-09338-7
Damayanti, L. S. A., & Putra, G. M. C. (2024). Development of augmented reality media based on Assemblr Edu to enhance the learning outcomes. Research and Development in Education (RaDEn), 4(2), 924–939. https://doi.org/10.22219/raden.v4i2.34160
Daryanes, F., Darmadi, D., Fikri, K., Sayuti, I., Rusandi, M. A., & Situmorang, D. D. B. (2023). The development of articulate storyline interactive learning media based on case methods to train student’s problem-solving ability. Heliyon, 9(4), e15082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15082
Dumitru, D., Minciu, M., Mihaila, R. A., Livinti, R., & Paduraru, M. E. (2023). Experimental Programs of Critical Thinking Enhancement: A Worked-Based, Blended Learning Higher Education Curriculum for Economics. Education Sciences, 13(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13101031
Elbyaly, M. Y. H., & Elfeky, A. I. M. (2023). The Impact of Problem-Solving Programs In Developing Critical Thinking Skills. European Chemical Bulletin, 12(June), 6636–6642. https://doi.org/10.31838/ecb/2023.12.si6.588
Eren, H. C., & Öztuğ, E. K. (2020). The implementation of virtual choir recordings during distance learning. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 15(5), 1117–1127. https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v15i5.5159
Fajari, S. L. E. W., & Chumdari. (2021). Critical Thinking Skills And Their Impacts On Elementary School Students. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 18(2), 161–187. https://doi.org/10.32890/mjli2021.18.2.6
Fitriati, F., Rosli, R., Iksan, Z., & Hidayat, A. (2023). Exploring challenges in preparing prospective teachers for teaching 4C skills in mathematics classroom: A school-university partnership perspectives. Cogent Education, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2286812
Fleary, S. A. (2022). Development and Validation of the Adolescent Media Health Literacy Scales: Rasch Measurement Model Approach. JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.2196/35067
Gonzalez-Mohino, M., Rodriguez-Domenech, M. Á., Callejas-Albiñana, A. I., & Castillo-Canalejo, A. (2023). Empowering Critical Thinking: The Role of Digital Tools in Citizen Participation. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research, 12(2), 258–275. https://doi.org/10.7821/naer.2023.7.1385
Hamzah, M. L., Ambiyar, Rizal, F., Simatupang, W., Irfan, D., & Refdinal. (2021). Development of Augmented Reality Application for Learning Computer Network Device. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 15(12), 47–64. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i12.21993
Hasanah, R. ’Ainun, & Latifah, M. (2021). Investigasi Online Resilience Remaja: Eksplanasi Peranan Karakteristik Remaja, Karakteristik Keluarga, Kelekatan Remaja-Orang Tua, Regulasi Emosi, Dan Hubungan Persahabatan. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga Dan Konsumen, 14(3), 270–281. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2021.14.3.270
Hasanah, U., Astra, I. M., & Sumantri, M. S. (2023). Exploring the Need for Using Science Learning Multimedia to Improve Critical Thinking Elementary School Students: Teacher Perception. International Journal of Instruction, 16(1), 417–440. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2023.16123a
Hsbollah, H. M., & Hassan, H. (2022). Creating Meaningful Learning Experiences With Active , Fun , And Technology Elements In The Problem-Based Learning Approach Hafizah Mohamad Hsbollah & 2 Haslinda Hassan Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accountancy ,. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 19(1), 147–181. Retrieved from http://e-journal.uum.edu.my/index.php/mjli%0AHow
Ichsan, I. Z., Sigit, D. V., Miarsyah, M., Ali, A., Arif, W. P., & Prayitno, T. A. (2019). Hots-Aep: Higher order thinking skills from elementary to master students in environmental learning. European Journal of Educational Research, 8(4), 935–942. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.8.4.935
Islam Sarker, M. N., Wu, M., Cao, Q., Alam, G. M. M., & Li, D. (2019). Leveraging Digital Technology for Better Learning and Education: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 9(7), 453–461. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2019.9.7.1246
Kamińska, D., Zwoliński, G., Laska-Leśniewicz, A., Raposo, R., Vairinhos, M., Pereira, E., … Anbarjafari, G. (2023). Augmented Reality: Current and New Trends in Education. Electronics (Switzerland), 12(16), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12163531
Kang, H. Y., & Kim, H. R. (2021). Impact of blended learning on learning outcomes in the public healthcare education course: a review of flipped classroom with team-based learning. BMC Medical Education, 21(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-021-02508-y
Khan, T., Johnston, K., & Ophoff, J. (2019). The Impact of an Augmented Reality Application on Learning Motivation of Students. Advances in Human-Computer Interaction, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7208494
Kim, D. (2020). Learning Language, Learning Culture: Teaching Language to the Whole Student. ECNU Review of Education, 3(3), 519–541. https://doi.org/10.1177/2096531120936693
Kintu, M. J., Zhu, C., & Kagambe, E. (2017). Blended learning effectiveness: the relationship between student characteristics, design features and outcomes. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0043-4
Kuhail, M. A., Elsayary, A., Farooq, S., & Alghamdi, A. (2022). Exploring Immersive Learning Experiences: A Survey. Informatics, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics9040075
Kwangmuang, P., Jarutkamolpong, S., Sangboonraung, W., & Daungtod, S. (2021). The development of learning innovation to enhance higher order thinking skills for students in Thailand junior high schools. Heliyon, 7(6), e07309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07309
Lau, J. Y. F. (2024). Revisiting the origin of critical thinking. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 56(7), 724–733. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2024.2320199
Li, Z., Zhou, M., & Lam, K. K. L. (2022). Dance in Zoom: Using video conferencing tools to develop students’ 4C skills and self-efficacy during COVID-19. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 46(July), 101102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101102
Mahanal, S., Zubaidah, S., Sumiati, I. D., Sari, T. M., & Ismirawati, N. (2019). Ricosre: A learning model to develop critical thinking skills for students with different academic abilities. International Journal of Instruction, 12(2), 417–434. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12227a
Martynets, L., Stepanchenko, N., Ustymenko-Kosorich, O., Yashchuk, S., Yelisieieva, I., Groshovenko, O., … Zarichna, O. (2020). Developing Business Skills in High School Students Using Project Activities. Revista Romaneasca Pentru Educatie Multidimensionala, 12(4), 222–239. https://doi.org/10.18662/rrem/12.4/343
Owan, V. J., Abang, K. B., Idika, D. O., Etta, E. O., & Bassey, B. A. (2023). Exploring the potential of artificial intelligence tools in educational measurement and assessment. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 19(8). https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/13428
Paat, M., Warouw, Z. W. M., & Mokalu, Y. B. (2025). Developing an Augmented Reality-based Learning Tool for Gedi Plant Cultivation. Journal of Mobile Multimedia, 21, 221–244. https://doi.org/10.13052/jmm1550-4646.2122
Persky, A. M., Medina, M. S., & Castleberry, A. N. (2019). Developing critical thinking skills in pharmacy students. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 83(2), 161–170. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe7033
Prof. Dr. Sugiyono. (2023). metode penelitian pendidikan (kuantitatif, kualitatif, kombinasi, R&D dan penelitian pendidikan). In Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. Alfabetha.
Quinn, S., Hogan, M., Dwyer, C., Finn, P., & Fogarty, E. (2020). Development and Validation of the Student-Educator Negotiated Critical Thinking Dispositions Scale (SENCTDS). Thinking Skills and Creativity, 38(August), 100710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100710
Rahmatin, Larasati, A. (2024). A Literature Review: The Implementation of the Borg & Gall Development Model in Science Learning. Indonesian Journal of STEM Education, 6(2), 86–101.
Rati, N. W., Arnyana, I. B. P., Dantes, G. R., & Dantes, N. (2023). HOTS-Oriented e-Project-Based Learning: Improving 4C Skills and Science Learning Outcome of Elementary School Students. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 13(6), 959–968. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2023.13.6.1892
Saputra, M. D., Joyoatmojo, S., Wardani, D. K., & Sangka, K. B. (2019). Developing critical-thinking skills through the collaboration of Jigsaw model with problem-based learning model. International Journal of Instruction, 12(1), 1077–1094. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12169a
Sari, R. M., Sumarmi, Astina, I. K., Utomo, D. H., & Ridhwan. (2021). Increasing Students Critical Thinking Skills and Learning Motivation Using Inquiry Mind Map. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 16(3), 4–19. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i03.16515
Setiana, D. S., Purwoko, R. Y., & Sugiman. (2021). The application of mathematics learning model to stimulate mathematical critical thinking skills of senior high school students. European Journal of Educational Research, 10(1), 509–523. https://doi.org/10.12973/EU-JER.10.1.509
Sk, S., & Halder, S. (2020). Critical thinking disposition of undergraduate students in relation to emotional intelligence: Gender as a moderator. Heliyon, 6(11). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05477
Supena, I., Darmuki, A., & Hariyadi, A. (2021). The influence of 4C (constructive, critical, creativity, collaborative) learning model on students’ learning outcomes. International Journal of Instruction, 14(3), 873–892. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2021.14351a
Triana, V., & Hariyastuti, A. (2024). The effect of using the assemblr edu application as a media for learning subjects in science on students’ interests and learning outcomes (case study: Bedug state primary school 01). Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Nusantara, 9(2), 280–288. https://doi.org/10.29407/jpdn.v9i2.21297
Utami, W. S., Kusaeri, Ridho, A., Yusuf, A., Widodo, B. S., Prastiyono, H., & Murtini, S. (2025). Unraveling social and economic problems: what basics of critical thinking skills are needed? International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 14(1), 566–574. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v14i1.29180
Wale, B. D., & Bishaw, K. S. (2020). Effects of using inquiry-based learning on EFL students’ critical thinking skills. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-020-00090-2
Walter, Y. (2024). Embracing the future of Artificial Intelligence in the classroom: the relevance of AI literacy, prompt engineering, and critical thinking in modern education. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-024-00448-3
Ye, P., & Xu, X. (2023). A case study of interdisciplinary thematic learning curriculum to cultivate “4C skills.” Frontiers in Psychology, 14(March), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1080811
Zhang, X., & Reynolds, B. L. (2023). A Mixed-Methods Investigation of the Effectiveness and Perceptions of Learning English Collocations Using the Keyword Method and the Rote Learning Method. Behavioral Sciences, 13(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13070591
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Cahyo Apri Setiaji, Sugeng Eko Putro Widoyoko, Lusy Rahmawati, Tengku Maaidah binti Tengku A Razak

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.




